趋化因子CCL8与肿瘤发生发展的研究进展

趋化因子CCL8是趋化因子CC家族中的一员，可以在炎症反应和肿瘤免疫等方面发挥重要作用。近来许多研究数据表明，CCL8与人类肿瘤的发生发展密切相关，它在肿瘤微环境中扮演了不可或缺的角色，一方面CCL8可以促进肿瘤细胞的浸润转移，另一方面又可以抑制肿瘤的发生发展。本文主要阐述了目前研究发现的CCL8在肿瘤中的作用，包括肿瘤的发生发展、浸润转移等，以上研究不仅可以帮助我们更加深入的了解肿瘤形成的机制，而且对于寻找更加有效的肿瘤新疗法有着重要的意义。     

一例分化型甲状腺癌患者健康管理全科医生教学案例分析

甲状腺癌已成为北京市增长较快的恶性肿瘤。本文通过介绍1例由全科医生首诊、术后连续随访4年的分化型甲状腺癌患者的诊疗经过，采用临床案例教学方法，重点关注甲状腺结节良恶性的鉴别，全科医生接诊甲状腺结节患者的诊治流程及对甲状腺癌患者术后长期监测、健康管理的内容，引导患者规范诊治，以期为逐步实现甲状腺癌患者个体化、不同风险分层的高质量管理，提高在职全科医生、全科医学专业住院医师规范化培训的学员对甲状腺结节、分化型甲状腺癌患者的规范诊治水平，提供参考。     

SMARCB1(INI1)缺失的鼻腔鼻窦癌六例临床病理学特征

目的探讨SMARCB1(INI1)缺失的鼻腔鼻窦癌临床病理特征及其诊断和鉴别诊断。方法收集2016至2018年复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院手术切除SMARCB1(INI1)缺失的鼻腔鼻窦癌标本/活检病例6例,观察其临床特点、影像学特征、组织形态、免疫组织化学特征以及预后,并结合文献进行复习。结果5例男性,1例女性;年龄37~75岁(平均约56岁)。1例患者属于T2期,5例患者属于T4期,CT及MRI示鼻腔鼻窦占位伴骨质破坏。镜下观察:肿瘤境界不清,基底样细胞型4例,肿瘤细胞形态较单一,高核质比,细胞质稀少,呈巢状或片状分布于间质中;横纹肌样细胞型2例,肿瘤细胞呈巢状或条索状排列,细胞胞质丰富,嗜酸性,核偏位。免疫组织化学染色示6/6 INI1完全缺失,6/6弥漫强阳性表达广谱细胞角蛋白(CKpan),6/6均不表达S-100蛋白,6/6 EB病毒编码的小RNA(EBER)原位杂交阴性,4/6部分表达p63,1/5部分表达突触素,1/5部分表达p16,Ki-67阳性指数范围30%~70%。5例患者随访1~26个月,其中1例因广泛转移死亡,1例复发,2例淋巴结转移,1例无复发和转移。1例失访。结论SMARCB1(INI1)缺失的鼻腔鼻窦癌恶性程度高,病程进展快,预后差,组织形态主要为基底样细胞型和横纹肌样细胞型,细胞核INI1完全缺失有助于诊断及鉴别诊断。     

胰腺癌精准术前评估的现状及挑战

胰腺癌是致死率极高的恶性肿瘤。历经百余年的发展, 胰腺癌的外科治疗技术虽然取得了显著进步, 但对患者的生存改善仍差强人意。随着肿瘤治疗理念的发展、精准医学的兴起, 以外科为中心的多学科团队诊疗模式逐步成为主流, 做好胰腺癌的术前精准评估成为进一步改善患者预后的突破口。本文着重从精准评估的角度, 对胰腺癌的术前诊断与分期、可切除性的综合评估、新辅助治疗策略的选择, 以及新辅助治疗效果评估等方面的进展进行综述, 并探讨其中的不足与挑战, 以期使胰腺癌的术前评估更加精准、全面, 并为将来的研究提供参考。     

Early Diagnosis of a Pediatric Pancreatic Tumor by Abdominal Physical Examination: A Case Report

BackgroundDetecting a neoplasm in pediatric patients with acute abdominal pain is difficult, especially when there is no palpable mass. Ihara's maneuver, which allows the physician to apply manual pressure directly on the pancreatic body, is a useful palpation method of diagnosing acute pancreatitis in children. We report a case of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas (SPNP) detected by Ihara's maneuver.Case ReportAn otherwise healthy, 15-year-old male visited our emergency department with acute abdominal pain and nausea. His vital signs were appropriate for his age. A physical examination denied peritoneal signs, but Ihara's maneuver induced strong tenderness. His serum amylase and lipase were normal. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan revealed a well-defined, 2.2-cm, nonenhanced mass in the pancreatic tail. Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy was performed, and the diagnosis of SPNP was confirmed. The patient was well postoperatively without any metastasis. SPNP is a rare neoplasm with low malignant potential. Although it typically occurs in young females, it has also been reported in children. The early diagnosis of SPNP is usually challenging because most patients do not have specific symptoms or laboratory findings. In the present case, the SPNP was difficult to detect by palpation because of its size, but Ihara's maneuver induced strong tenderness of the pancreas and led to a diagnosis.Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This?Ihara's maneuver has the potential to enable early diagnosis not only of pancreatitis but also of pancreatic tumors, such as SPNP.     

Biperiden and mepazine effectively inhibit MALT1 activity and tumor growth in pancreatic cancer

MALT1 is a key mediator of NF-κB signaling and a main driver of B-cell lymphomas. Remarkably, MALT1 is expressed in the majority of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) as well, but absent from normal exocrine pancreatic tissue. Following, MALT1 shows off to be a specific target in cancer cells of PDAC without affecting regular pancreatic cells. Therefore, we studied the impact of pharmacological MALT1 inhibition in pancreatic cancer and showed promising effects on tumor progression. Mepazine (Mep), a phenothiazine derivative, is a known potent MALT1 inhibitor. Newly, we described that biperiden (Bip) is a potent MALT1 inhibitor with even less pharmacological side effects. Thus, Bip is a promising drug leading to reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis in PDAC cells in vitro and in vivo. By compromising MALT1 activity, nuclear translocation of c-Rel is prevented. c-Rel is critical for NF-κB-dependent inhibition of apoptosis. Hence, off-label use of Bip or Mep represents a promising new therapeutic approach to PDAC treatment. Regularly, the Anticholinergicum Bip is used to treat neurological side effects of Phenothiazines, like extrapyramidal symptoms.     

激素受体阳性乳腺癌患者在不同内分泌治疗用药时间的类更年期症状及生命质量

目的探讨激素受体阳性(HR+)乳腺癌患者在不同内分泌治疗时间的类更年期症状和生命质量状况。方法采用横断面研究设计,收集2011—2017年就诊于四川省肿瘤医院经病理确诊的167例HR+乳腺癌患者,按内分泌治疗时间分为<12个月组、12~36个月组、>36个月组。应用改良Kupperman量表和乳腺癌生命质量测定量表(FACT-B)测量类更年期症状和生命质量。采用方差分析及χ2检验比较不同用药时间及用药类型患者的类更年期症状差异,采用协方差分析和多重线性回归分析不同用药时间患者的生命质量得分差异和类更年期症状对生命质量的影响。结果167例乳腺癌患者的类更年期症状得分为(14.5±7.6)分,现患率为87.4%(146/167),以失眠率最高(73.7%,123/167)。除失眠易激动外,选择性雌激素受体调节剂(SERM)使用者以潮热症状最多(64.8%,79/122),芳香化酶抑制剂使用者以骨关节痛症状最多(62.2%,28/45)。患者的FACT-B总得分为(104.5±15.5)分,达标率高达89.8%(150/167),但各维度状况参差不齐,以社会家庭及功能维度达标率最低,分别为73.0%(122/167)和50.9%(85/167)。<12个月组、12~36个月组和>36个月组患者的Kupperman总分分别为(15.0±1.3)分、(14.0±6.9)分和(14.5±7.4)分;FACT-B总得分分别为(102.7±17.8)分、(105.0±12.9)分和(105.6±16.7)分,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。多重线性回归分析结果显示,患者服用SERM类药物期间类更年期症状对生命质量存在负向影响,<12个月组、12~36个月组和>36个月组患者的标准偏回归系数分别为-0.67、-0.30和-0.50,影响程度在12~36个月组中最小。结论HR+乳腺癌患者回归社会、家庭和功能恢复情况较差,应重点关注。类更年期症状在内分泌治疗期间普遍存在,应积极处理以改善生命质量。